kubernetes 1.11配置使用nginx ingress
kubernetes 1.11配置使用nginx ingress
[TOC]
1. 实验环境说明
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lab1: etcd master haproxy keepalived 192.168.105.92 lab2: etcd master haproxy keepalived 192.168.105.93 lab3: etcd master haproxy keepalived 192.168.105.94 lab4: node 192.168.105.95 lab4: node 192.168.105.96 vip(loadblancer ip): 192.168.105.99 |
2. 暴露服务的方式
由于Pod和Service是kubernetes集群范围内的虚拟概念，所以集群外的客户端系统无法通过Pod的IP地址或者Service的虚拟IP地址和虚拟端口号访问到它们。为了让外部客户端能够访问到这些服务，可以将Pod或Service的端口号映射到宿主机。
- 将容器应用的端口号映射到物理机
1）设置容器级别的hostPort，将容器应用的端口号映射到物理机
2）设置Pod级别的hostNetwork=true，该Pod中所有容器的端口号都将被直接映射到物理机上 -
将Service的端口号映射到物理机
1）设置nodePort映射到物理机，同时设置Service的类型为NodePort
2）设置LoadBalancer映射到云服务商提供的LoadBalancer地址
如果设置了Service的nodePort，那么集群会在每一个节点都监听设置的nodePort，外部客户端可以通过任意 nodeIP:Port的方式对集群服务进行访问。但是当集群中服务较多，那么需要管理的端口也会比较多，各个端口之间不能冲突，比较麻烦；另外，因为方式访问形式为nodeIP:Port的方式，那么对于一些HTTP服务，这种方式是无法做到根据URL路径进行转发的。
- ingress是kubernetes V1.1版本之后新增的资源对象，用于实现HTTP层业务路由机制。
实现ingress路由机制主要包括3个组件：
1）ingress是kubernetes的一个资源对象，用于编写定义规则。
2）反向代理负载均衡器，通常以Service的Port方式运行，接收并按照ingress定义的规则进行转发，通常为nginx，haproxy，traefik等，本文使用nginx。
3）ingress-controller，监听apiserver，获取服务新增，删除等变化，并结合ingress规则动态更新到反向代理负载均衡器上，并重载配置使其生效。
3. 安装nginx ingress
一般是以DaemonSet形式在每个node上创建一个资源，然后以hostNetwork的方式开放一个端口。
下面是根据官方只修改了image地址和添加了hostNetwork: true的ingress-control的yaml文件。
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#--- # #apiVersion: v1 #kind: Namespace #metadata: # name: default #--- apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: default-http-backend labels: app: default-http-backend namespace: default spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: default-http-backend template: metadata: labels: app: default-http-backend spec: terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60 containers: - name: default-http-backend # Any image is permissible as long as: # 1. It serves a 404 page at / # 2. It serves 200 on a /healthz endpoint image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/defaultbackend:1.4 livenessProbe: httpGet: path: /healthz port: 8080 scheme: HTTP initialDelaySeconds: 30 timeoutSeconds: 5 ports: - containerPort: 8080 resources: limits: cpu: 10m memory: 20Mi requests: cpu: 10m memory: 20Mi --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: default-http-backend namespace: default labels: app: default-http-backend spec: ports: - port: 80 targetPort: 8080 selector: app: default-http-backend --- kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: nginx-configuration namespace: default labels: app: ingress-nginx --- kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: tcp-services namespace: default --- kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: udp-services namespace: default --- apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount namespace: default --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: ClusterRole metadata: name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole rules: - apiGroups: - "" resources: - configmaps - endpoints - nodes - pods - secrets verbs: - list - watch - apiGroups: - "" resources: - nodes verbs: - get - apiGroups: - "" resources: - services verbs: - get - list - watch - apiGroups: - "extensions" resources: - ingresses verbs: - get - list - watch - apiGroups: - "" resources: - events verbs: - create - patch - apiGroups: - "extensions" resources: - ingresses/status verbs: - update --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: Role metadata: name: nginx-ingress-role namespace: default rules: - apiGroups: - "" resources: - configmaps - pods - secrets - namespaces verbs: - get - apiGroups: - "" resources: - configmaps resourceNames: # Defaults to "<election-id>-<ingress-class>" # Here: "<ingress-controller-leader>-<nginx>" # This has to be adapted if you change either parameter # when launching the nginx-ingress-controller. - "ingress-controller-leader-nginx" verbs: - get - update - apiGroups: - "" resources: - configmaps verbs: - create - apiGroups: - "" resources: - endpoints verbs: - get --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding namespace: default roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: nginx-ingress-role subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount namespace: default --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount namespace: default --- apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-ingress-controller namespace: default spec: replicas: 2 selector: matchLabels: app: ingress-nginx template: metadata: labels: app: ingress-nginx annotations: prometheus.io/port: '10254' prometheus.io/scrape: 'true' spec: serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount hostNetwork: true # 添加这行 containers: - name: nginx-ingress-controller image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/nginx-ingress-controller:0.17.1 args: - /nginx-ingress-controller #- --apiserver-host=https://192.168.105.99:8443 - --default-backend-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/default-http-backend - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration - --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services - --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services - --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx - --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io #- --report-node-internal-ip-address=true securityContext: capabilities: drop: - ALL add: - NET_BIND_SERVICE # www-data -> 33 runAsUser: 33 env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace ports: - name: http containerPort: 80 - name: https containerPort: 443 livenessProbe: failureThreshold: 3 httpGet: path: /healthz port: 10254 scheme: HTTP initialDelaySeconds: 10 periodSeconds: 10 successThreshold: 1 timeoutSeconds: 1 readinessProbe: failureThreshold: 3 httpGet: path: /healthz port: 10254 scheme: HTTP periodSeconds: 10 successThreshold: 1 timeoutSeconds: 1 --- ## Expose Nginx Ingress controller #apiVersion: v1 #kind: Service #metadata: # name: nginx-ingress-controller # namespace: default #spec: # type: LoadBalancer # ports: # - port: 80 # # nodePort: 30000 # name: http # #- port: 18080 # # nodePort: 32000 # # name: http-mgmt # selector: # app: nginx-ingress-controller |
4. 使用DaemonSet将ingress control固定pod
DaemonSet能够让所有（或者特定）的节点运行同一个pod。
当节点加入到K8S集群中，pod会被（DaemonSet）调度到该节点上运行，当节点从K8S集群中被移除，被DaemonSet调度的pod会被移除，如果删除DaemonSet，所有跟这个DaemonSet相关的pods都会被删除。
在某种程度上，DaemonSet承担了RC的部分功能，它也能保证相关pods持续运行，如果一个DaemonSet的Pod被杀死、停止、或者崩溃，那么DaemonSet将会重新创建一个新的副本在这台计算节点上。
一般应用于日志收集、监控采集、分布式存储守护进程、ingress等。
Deployment和DaemonSet的区别
Deployment 部署的副本 Pod 会分布在各个 Node 上，每个 Node 都可能运行好几个副本。DaemonSet 的不同之处在于：每个 Node 上最多只能运行一个副本。
主要区别：
- The scalability is much better when using a Deployment, because you will have a Single-Pod-per-Node model when using the DaemonSet.
- It is possible to exclusively run a Service on a dedicated set of machines using taints and tolerations with a DaemonSet.
- On the other hand the DaemonSet allows you to access any Node directly on Port 80 and 443, where you have to setup a Service object with a Deployment.
以下是只使用标签方式，将ingress control固定node。
将要使用的node节点打上标签
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[root@lab1 nginx-ingress]# kubectl label nodes lab4 LB=ingress node/lab4 labeled |
修改ingress control的Deployment为DaemonSet，并根据标签使用nodeSelector。
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#--- # ## 有需要创建namespace,取消该段注释 #apiVersion: v1 #kind: Namespace #metadata: # name: default #--- apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: default-http-backend labels: app: default-http-backend namespace: default spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: default-http-backend template: metadata: labels: app: default-http-backend spec: terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60 containers: - name: default-http-backend # Any image is permissible as long as: # 1. It serves a 404 page at / # 2. It serves 200 on a /healthz endpoint image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/defaultbackend:1.4 livenessProbe: httpGet: path: /healthz port: 8080 scheme: HTTP initialDelaySeconds: 30 timeoutSeconds: 5 ports: - containerPort: 8080 resources: limits: cpu: 10m memory: 20Mi requests: cpu: 10m memory: 20Mi --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: default-http-backend namespace: default labels: app: default-http-backend spec: ports: - port: 80 targetPort: 8080 selector: app: default-http-backend --- kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: nginx-configuration namespace: default labels: app: ingress-nginx --- kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: tcp-services namespace: default --- kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: udp-services namespace: default --- apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount namespace: default --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: ClusterRole metadata: name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole rules: - apiGroups: - "" resources: - configmaps - endpoints - nodes - pods - secrets verbs: - list - watch - apiGroups: - "" resources: - nodes verbs: - get - apiGroups: - "" resources: - services verbs: - get - list - watch - apiGroups: - "extensions" resources: - ingresses verbs: - get - list - watch - apiGroups: - "" resources: - events verbs: - create - patch - apiGroups: - "extensions" resources: - ingresses/status verbs: - update --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: Role metadata: name: nginx-ingress-role namespace: default rules: - apiGroups: - "" resources: - configmaps - pods - secrets - namespaces verbs: - get - apiGroups: - "" resources: - configmaps resourceNames: # Defaults to "<election-id>-<ingress-class>" # Here: "<ingress-controller-leader>-<nginx>" # This has to be adapted if you change either parameter # when launching the nginx-ingress-controller. - "ingress-controller-leader-nginx" verbs: - get - update - apiGroups: - "" resources: - configmaps verbs: - create - apiGroups: - "" resources: - endpoints verbs: - get --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding namespace: default roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: nginx-ingress-role subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount namespace: default --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount namespace: default --- apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: DaemonSet # Deployment修改成Daemonset metadata: name: nginx-ingress-controller namespace: default spec: #replicas: 2 # 注释该段 #selector: # matchLabels: # app: ingress-nginx template: metadata: labels: app: ingress-nginx annotations: prometheus.io/port: '10254' prometheus.io/scrape: 'true' spec: nodeSelector: # 节点标签 LB: ingress #tolerations: # 声明可接受的污点 #- key: "LB" # operator: "Equal" # value: "NIC" # effect: "NoSchedule" serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount hostNetwork: true # 添加这行，绑定到主机 containers: - name: nginx-ingress-controller image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/nginx-ingress-controller:0.17.1 args: - /nginx-ingress-controller #- --apiserver-host=https://192.168.105.99:8443 - --default-backend-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/default-http-backend - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration - --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services - --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services - --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx - --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io #- --report-node-internal-ip-address=true securityContext: capabilities: drop: - ALL add: - NET_BIND_SERVICE # www-data -> 33 runAsUser: 33 env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace ports: - name: http containerPort: 80 - name: https containerPort: 443 livenessProbe: failureThreshold: 3 httpGet: path: /healthz port: 10254 scheme: HTTP initialDelaySeconds: 10 periodSeconds: 10 successThreshold: 1 timeoutSeconds: 1 readinessProbe: failureThreshold: 3 httpGet: path: /healthz port: 10254 scheme: HTTP periodSeconds: 10 successThreshold: 1 timeoutSeconds: 1 --- ## Expose Nginx Ingress controller #apiVersion: v1 #kind: Service #metadata: # name: nginx-ingress-controller # namespace: default #spec: # type: LoadBalancer # ports: # - port: 80 # # nodePort: 30000 # name: http # #- port: 18080 # # nodePort: 32000 # # name: http-mgmt # selector: # app: nginx-ingress-controller |
5. 配置nginx url转发
以下是配置nginx域名ingress.test.com的url转发规则。
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apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Ingress metadata: name: app-nginx-ingress namespace: default spec: rules: - host: ingress.test.com http: paths: - path: / backend: serviceName: nginx servicePort: 80 # - path: /nginx # backend: # serviceName: nginx # servicePort: 80 |
配置好后，kubectl get ing查看结果。
外部通过域名绑定Nginx Ingress controller所在的节点的IP即可访问。
参数资料：
[1] https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/
[2] https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/blob/master/docs/deploy/index.md
[3] https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/
[4] https://blog.csdn.net/waltonwang/article/details/77587003
[5] https://blog.csdn.net/tiger435/article/details/73650174
[6] http://blog.51cto.com/newfly/2067531
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