Mycat学习实战-Mycat全局主键

作者: ygqygq2 分类: 数据库 发布时间: 2017-10-23 09:32

Mycat学习实战-Mycat全局主键

1. Mycat全局主键介绍

在分库分表的情况下，数据库自增主键无法保证自增主键的全局唯一。

全局序列号的语法符合标准SQL规范，其格式为：
next value for MYCATSEQ_XXX
MYCATSEQ_XXX 是序列号的名字，MyCAT自动创建新的序列号，免去了开发的复杂度，另外，MyCAT也提供了一个全局的序列号，名称为：MYCATSEQ_GLOBAL

注意，MYCATSEQ_必须大写才能正确识别。
MyCAT温馨提示：实践中，建议每个表用自己的序列号，序列号的命名建议为MYCATSEQ _tableName_ID_SEQ。

SQL中使用说明
自定义序列号的标识为：MYCATSEQ_XXX ,其中XXX为具体定义的sequence的名称，应用举例如下：
使用默认的全局sequence :
insert into tb1(id,name) values(next value for MYCATSEQ_GLOBAL,'tb1');
使用自定义的 sequence:
insert into tb2(id,name) values(next value for MYCATSEQ_MY1,'tb2');
获取最新的值
select next value for MYCATSEQ_xxx

2. Mycat全局主键方式

Mycat提供的全局主键方式如下：
1. 本地文件方式：使用服务器本地磁盘文件的方式
2. 数据库方式：使用数据库的方式
3. 本地时间戳方式：使用时间戳方式
4. 分布式zookeeper生成ID

2.1 本地文件方式

vim conf/server.xml

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<property name="sequnceHandlerType">0</property>
 

vim conf/sequence_conf.properties

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#default global sequence
GLOBAL.HISIDS=
GLOBAL.MINID=10001
GLOBAL.MAXID=20000
GLOBAL.CURID=10000
 
# self define sequence
ID_LOCAL_FILE.HISIDS=
ID_LOCAL_FILE.MINID=1001
ID_LOCAL_FILE.MAXID=2000
ID_LOCAL_FILE.CURID=1000
 

  • 以上配置文件中，自定义表名必须大写书写
  • HISIDS：表示使用过的历史分段(一般
  • 无特殊需要可不配置)
  • MINID ：最小ID 值
  • MAXID ：表示最大ID 值
  • CURID 表示当前ID 值。
  • 当 sequence_conf.properties的配置名字与 表名一致的时候sql可以不包含ID字段（此处表名为id_local_file）

vim conf/schema.xml

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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
 
        <schema name="test" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100">
                <table name="id_local_file" dataNode="test1" autoIncrement="true" primaryKey="id"></table>
 
        </schema>
        <dataNode name="test1" dataHost="testA" database="test" />
 
        <dataHost name="testA" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
                        writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"  slaveThreshold="100">
                        <heartbeat>select 1</heartbeat>
                        <writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.33.11:3306" user="root"
                                password="123456" />
        </dataHost>
 
</mycat:schema>
 

实验验证：

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[root@testA conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -P8066 -h 127.0.0.1 test
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710 MyCat Server (OpenCloundDB)
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> CREATE TABLE `id_local_file` (`id` varchar(20) NOT NULL ,`nm` varchar(60) NULL ,PRIMARY KEY (`id`));    
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
 
mysql> insert into id_local_file(id,nm) values(next value for MYCATSEQ_GLOBAL,'id_local_file');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
 
mysql> insert into id_local_file(nm) values('id_local_file'); /* 插入的sql语句里没有了自增ID字段 */
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> select * from id_local_file;
+-------+---------------+
| id    | nm            |
+-------+---------------+
| 10001 | id_local_file |
| 1001  | id_local_file |
+-------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.08 sec)
 
mysql> select next value for MYCATSEQ_GLOBAL;
+-------+
| 10002 |
+-------+
| 10002 |
+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>
 

优点：本地加载，读取速度较快，配置简单
缺点：mycat重新发布时，seq文件需要替换，集群部署无法用此方式，路由到不同的mycat上无法保证id唯一，使mycat变成了有状态的中间件。

2.2 本地时间戳方式

vim conf/server.xml

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<property name="sequnceHandlerType">2</property>
 

vim conf/sequence_time_conf.properties

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#sequence depend on TIME
WORKID=01
DATAACENTERID=01
 

两个属性值为：0-31 任意整数

vim conf/schema.xml

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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
 
        <schema name="test" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100">
                <table name="id_local_time" dataNode="test1" autoIncrement="true" primaryKey="id"></table>
 
        </schema>
        <dataNode name="test1" dataHost="testA" database="test" />
 
        <dataHost name="testA" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
                        writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"  slaveThreshold="100">
                        <heartbeat>select 1</heartbeat>
                        <writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.33.11:3306" user="root"
                                password="123456" />
        </dataHost>
 
</mycat:schema>
 

实验验证：

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[root@testA conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -P8066 -h 127.0.0.1 test
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710 MyCat Server (OpenCloundDB)
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> CREATE TABLE `id_local_time` (`id` varchar(20) NOT NULL ,`nm` varchar(60) NULL ,PRIMARY KEY (`id`));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
 
mysql> insert into id_local_time(id,nm) values(next value for MYCATSEQ_GLOBAL,'id_local_time');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
 
mysql> insert into id_local_time(nm) values('id_local_time'); /* 插入的sql语句里没有了自增ID字段 */
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> select * from id_local_time;
+--------------------+---------------+
| id                 | nm            |
+--------------------+---------------+
| 922641363168792576 | id_local_time |
| 922641424359493632 | id_local_time |
+--------------------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.06 sec)
 
mysql> select next value for MYCATSEQ_GLOBAL;
+--------------------+
| 922641542101995520 |
+--------------------+
| 922641542101995520 |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 

本地时间戳计算方式
ID= 64 位二进制 (42(毫秒)+5(机器 ID)+5(业务编码)+12(重复累加)
长度18位，因此下面提示非常重要。

注意
表字段长度必须大于等于18位

优点：不存在mycat重新发布影响seq的问题，
缺点：字段长度是18位。

2.3 数据库方式

vim conf/server.xml

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<property name="sequnceHandlerType">1</property>
 

vim conf/sequence_db_conf.properties

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#sequence stored in datanode
GLOBAL=test1
ID_DB=test1
 

在test1节点本地数据库添加函数和表，以下为sql内容：

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DROP TABLE IF EXISTS mycat_sequence;
CREATE TABLE mycat_sequence (
NAME VARCHAR (50) NOT NULL,
current_value INT NOT NULL,
increment INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 100,
PRIMARY KEY (NAME)
) ENGINE = INNODB ;
 
 
INSERT INTO mycat_sequence(name,current_value,increment) VALUES ('GLOBAL', 100000, 100);
 
 
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `mycat_seq_currval`;
DELIMITER ;;
CREATE  FUNCTION `mycat_seq_currval`(seq_name VARCHAR(50))
RETURNS varchar(64) CHARSET utf8
    DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
        DECLARE retval VARCHAR(64);
        SET retval="-999999999,null";  
        SELECT concat(CAST(current_value AS CHAR),",",CAST(increment AS CHAR) ) INTO retval
          FROM mycat_sequence  WHERE name = seq_name;  
        RETURN retval ;
END
;;
DELIMITER ;
 
 
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `mycat_seq_nextval`;
DELIMITER ;;
CREATE FUNCTION `mycat_seq_nextval`(seq_name VARCHAR(50)) RETURNS varchar(64)
CHARSET utf8
    DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
         UPDATE mycat_sequence  
                 SET current_value = current_value + increment
                  WHERE name = seq_name;  
         RETURN mycat_seq_currval(seq_name);  
END
;;
DELIMITER ;
 
 
 
 
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `mycat_seq_setval`;
DELIMITER ;;
CREATE FUNCTION `mycat_seq_setval`(seq_name VARCHAR(50), value INTEGER)
RETURNS varchar(64) CHARSET utf8
    DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
         UPDATE mycat_sequence  
                   SET current_value = value  
                   WHERE name = seq_name;  
         RETURN mycat_seq_currval(seq_name);  
END
;;
DELIMITER ;
 

添加过程：

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[root@testA mycat]# mysql -uroot -p123456 test
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 102
Server version: 5.7.19-log Source distribution
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS mycat_sequence;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> CREATE TABLE mycat_sequence (
    -> NAME VARCHAR (50) NOT NULL,
    -> current_value INT NOT NULL,
    -> increment INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 100,
    -> PRIMARY KEY (NAME)
    -> ) ENGINE = INNODB ;
 
 
 
 
INSERT INTO mycat_sequence(name,current_value,increment) VALUES ('GLOBAL', 100000, 100);
 
 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
 
mysql>
mysql>
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> INSERT INTO mycat_sequence(name,current_value,increment) VALUES ('GLOBAL', 100000, 100);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `mycat_seq_currval`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> DELIMITER ;;
mysql> CREATE  FUNCTION `mycat_seq_currval`(seq_name VARCHAR(50))
    -> RETURNS varchar(64) CHARSET utf8
    ->     DETERMINISTIC
    -> BEGIN
    ->         DECLARE retval VARCHAR(64);
    ->         SET retval="-999999999,null";  
    ->         SELECT concat(CAST(current_value AS CHAR),",",CAST(increment AS CHAR) ) INTO retval
    ->           FROM mycat_sequence  WHERE name = seq_name;  
    ->         RETURN retval ;
    -> END
    -> ;;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> DELIMITER ;
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `mycat_seq_nextval`;
DELIMITER ;;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> DELIMITER ;;
mysql> CREATE FUNCTION `mycat_seq_nextval`(seq_name VARCHAR(50)) RETURNS varchar(64)
    ->  CHARSET utf8
    ->     DETERMINISTIC
    -> BEGIN
    ->          UPDATE mycat_sequence  
    ->                  SET current_value = current_value + increment
    ->                   WHERE name = seq_name;  
    ->          RETURN mycat_seq_currval(seq_name);  
    -> END
    -> ;;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> DELIMITER ;
mysql>
mysql>
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `mycat_seq_setval`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> DELIMITER ;;
mysql> CREATE FUNCTION `mycat_seq_setval`(seq_name VARCHAR(50), value INTEGER)
    -> RETURNS varchar(64) CHARSET utf8
    ->     DETERMINISTIC
    -> BEGIN
    ->          UPDATE mycat_sequence  
    ->                    SET current_value = value  
    ->                    WHERE name = seq_name;  
    ->          RETURN mycat_seq_currval(seq_name);  
    -> END
    -> ;;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> DELIMITER ;
mysql>
 

以下步骤非常关键，让id_db表也支持数据库序列号。

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mysql> INSERT INTO mycat_sequence ('ID_DB', 1, 100);
mysql> select * from mycat_sequence;
+--------+---------------+-----------+
| NAME   | current_value | increment |
+--------+---------------+-----------+
| GLOBAL |        100200 |       100 |
| ID_DB  |           301 |       100 |
+--------+---------------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 

vim conf/schema.xml

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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
 
        <schema name="test" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100">
                <table name="id_db" dataNode="test1" autoIncrement="true" primaryKey="id"></table>
                <table name="mycat_sequence" dataNode="test1" autoIncrement="true" primaryKey="id"></table>
 
        </schema>
        <dataNode name="test1" dataHost="testA" database="test" />
 
        <dataHost name="testA" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
                        writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"  slaveThreshold="100">
                        <heartbeat>select 1</heartbeat>
                        <writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.33.11:3306" user="root"
                                password="123456" />
        </dataHost>
 
</mycat:schema>
 

注意
将mycat_sequence表也放出来，且注意大小写（数据库默认区分大小写）

实验验证：

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[root@testA mycat]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -P8066 -h127.0.0.1 test
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710 MyCat Server (OpenCloundDB)
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| test     |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables in test |
+----------------+
| id_db          |
| mycat_sequence |
+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> drop id_db;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'id_db' at line 1
mysql> drop table id_db;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
 
mysql> CREATE TABLE `id_db` (`id` int NOT NULL ,`nm` varchar(60) NULL ,PRIMARY KEY (`id`));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
 
mysql> insert into id_db(id,nm) values(next value for MYCATSEQ_GLOBAL,'id_db');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec)
 
mysql> insert into id_db(nm) values('db');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> select next value for MYCATSEQ_GLOBAL;
+--------+
| 100201 |
+--------+
| 100201 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> select * from id_db;
+--------+-------+
| id     | nm    |
+--------+-------+
|    303 | db    |
| 100200 | id_db |
+--------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> insert into id_db(nm) values('db');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> select * from id_db;
+--------+-------+
| id     | nm    |
+--------+-------+
|    303 | db    |
|    304 | db    |
| 100200 | id_db |
+--------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>
 

优点：重新部署mycat不受影响
缺点：当配置节点的部署是主从复制，当主挂了切从后会有重复。

注意
节点如果是主从切换后，数据id可能会有异常（重复）

2.4 zookeeper方式

vim conf/server.xml

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<property name="sequnceHandlerType">3</property>
 

vim conf/sequence_distributed_conf.properties

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INSTANCEID=01
CLUSTERID=01
 

schema的table 增加属性 autoIncrement="true"和 primaryKey="id"

基于ZK 与本地配置的分布式ID 生成器(可以通过ZK 获取集群（机房）唯一InstanceID，也可以通过配置文件配置InstanceID)ID 结构：long 64 位，ID 最大可占63 位
current time millis(微秒时间戳38 位,可以使用17 年)
instanceId（实例ID，可以通过ZK 或者配置文件获取，5 位，也就是十进制0-31）
threadId（线程ID，9 位）
increment(自增,6 位)
一共63 位，可以承受单机房单机器单线程1000*(2^6)=640000 的并发。

优点：无悲观锁，无强竞争，吞吐量更高
缺点：对zookeeper集群的要求增加。

参考资料：
[1] http://mycat.io/
[2] 《分布式数据库架构及企业实践——基于Mycat中间件》
[3] 龙哥官方课程课件、博客

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2条评论
添加新评论

  • reid

    2017年11月22日 18:17

    回复TA

    时间戳方式生成的 id 全是偶数的，如果datanode 为两个，分片方式为mod-long，那么全部数据都只分到其中一个库里，不知道有没有解决办法？

  • ygqygq2

    2017年12月5日 17:03

    回复TA

    时间戳方式生成的 id 全是偶数，这个我不清楚，可以具体查看mycat源码。但你说的这种情况为什么不多加些节点呢，比如3个节点。工具是为了让我们更加方便，应该避免其缺陷，使用其优点。

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